Derek Bok, who had served as president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, returned to serve as an interim president during the 20062007 academic year. And living surrounded by those gray, black-bordered road signs that the state of Virginia put up to mark historic sites. In 2009, however, she instituted layoffs and pay freezes after Harvards endowment suffered a major loss during the global financial crisis. What are the variety of other materials that we, as historians, hadnt bothered with before that give us insights into a population that didnt necessarily keep diaries, whose history wasnt preserved in a formal process of record-keeping? By Drew Gilpin Faust. The centennial commemoration of Antietam was designed to be less about remembrance than about forgetting. Drew Gilpin Faust: What Do We Want from Higher Education? . And the opening of citizenship to individuals who had been excluded from it. overrideCardHideByline=true And yet. Report scam, The National Endowment for the Humanities, State and Jurisdictional Humanities Councils, Chronicling America: History American Newspapers. And that, I believe, was part of his motivation. We had travelled through the familiar historic landscape of Stonewall Jacksons skirmishes, Mosbys raids, Sheridans ride, and John Browns capture and hanging to witness the centennial reenactment of the Battle of Antietam. Catherine Drew Gilpin was born into a prosperous Virginia family on September 18, 1947, and raised in Clarke County in the northern reaches of the Shenandoah Valley. The Transcontinental Railroad is another example. After a battle, we are so often told by soldiers from the lowliest recruit to General Grant himself, it would be possible to walk across the clearing in any direction, stepping only on dead bodies without a foot touching the ground. Or equally unforgettable in the manner it communicates horror without ever actually naming or grappling with it: the image most famously offered by Whitman but repeated and remembered by nearly every soldier who witnessed it the scene of a surgeon toiling with saw and knife at a field hospital, surrounded by amputated limbs, feet, legs, arms, hands, etc. piled in a heap at his side. I am in the unenviable role of warm-up act for one of the greatest storytellers of ouror any othertime. Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) [1] is an American historian and was the 28th president of Harvard University, and the first woman to serve in that role. Will this reenactment do any more to acknowledge the wars purposes and politics and their continuing significance than did the reenactments of fifty years ago? Moreover, many students around the world simply cannot access universities. In and around Boyce, where she grew up in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, roads were marked by Confederate-gray signs for the many Civil War historic sites nearby, such as Cedar Creek, a few miles to the south and Winchester a few miles north. Submit your nominations for the 2024 NEH Jefferson Lecturer, NEH Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities nominations. Yet even a hundred years after its conclusion, Americans acknowledged but could not agree upon the true nature of its importance. Representative Ron Paul has recently attracted media attention by declaring Lincoln and the war responsible for arrogations of central power that Tea Party originalists and libertarians are dedicated to overturn. But an essential aspect of its interest and appeal not just to those reenactors but, in fact, to all of us is simply that it was war. For all its prevalence, its ubiquity and universality, war offers the attraction of the extraordinary the escape from the grey everyday, from the humdrum into higher things. 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. So often, I have found, men describe themselves as beyond feeling or comprehension, numbed by their experience, yet nevertheless seeking a means to convey its significance and impact. Universities, and especially the humanities, are vital to the very survival of our civilization. The white minority felt the need to exert control over the enslaved population. How is it that the human has become so entangled with the inhumane? I felt very much that I lived in history, said Drew Gilpin Faust as she recently described her childhood in an interview for Humanities magazine. Shelby Foote used the word crossroads to describe the Civil War. . Drew Gilpin Faust. LEACH: At Harvard, under your leadership, ROTC has been welcomed back to campus after a forty-year hiatus. But in todays world, I believe it is dangerous for universities not to fully acknowledge and embrace their responsibilities to values and to service as well as to reason and discovery. The tumultuous state of American politics, spotlighted in this contentious presidential contest; the political challenges around the globe from Brazil to Brexit; the Middle East in flames; a refugee crisis in Europe; terrorists exploiting new media to perform chilling acts of brutality and murder; climate-related famine in Africa and fires in Canada. A longtime scholar of American history and a specialist in feminist and American Civil War studies, Faust had spent her entire career in the academic world, and her appointment to the Harvard presidency became a benchmark moment in U.S. higher education. Both siblings acknowledged downsides to their chosen profession. In July of 1862 he signed the Morrill Act, which established land-grant colleges, with the implication that even in wartime we needed to expand educational opportunity for American citizens. Higher education is not about results in the next quarter but about discoveries that may take and last decades or even centuries. During the historiographical moment of the late sixties and early seventies scholars began to inquire about the rest of the population that hadnt perhaps been so literate and hadnt had the opportunity to have their almost every word preserved in an archive. "Showing Us How to Do It": Remarks by Drew Gilpin Faust for the inauguration of Paula A. Johnson as president of Wellesley College Sep 30, 2016 Morning Prayers: "Historians All" Aug 31, 2016 Freshman Convocation Address to the Class of 2020 Aug 30, 2016 2016 Commencement Speech May 26, 2016 2016 Remarks at ROTC Commissioning Ceremony May 25, 2016 However, higher education has historically been dominated by men, and the history of women entering higher education is actually quite short. The views expressed by Asia Society staff, fellows, experts, report authors, program speakers, board members, and other affiliates are solely their own. We recommend Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge. War imposes an orderly narrative on what without its definition of purpose and structure would be simply violence. Every war is ironic, Paul Fussell wrote in his brilliant study of the First World War, because every war is worse than expected.. Drew Gilpin Faust is President Emerita of Harvard University and the Arthur Kingsley Porter University Professor. May we and the students we send forth today embrace it. overrideButtonText=, PROVO, UT 84602, USA | 801-422-4636 | 2023 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Forum: Lessons from the past show how to heal America, Forum: A higher purpose for religious education. An equivalent proportion of today's population would be six million. overrideTextAlignment= But that seeming incongruity simply reinforces the centrality of paradox to any understanding of war. 7:447-Minute ListenPlaylist. We have learned about women left to manage plantations and farms; women in voluntary agencies; women as writers and readers; women working in factories, laundries, hospitals, and schools; slave women fleeing to Union lines or remaining to claim freedom and protect families at home. But it nevertheless reminds us that the human attraction to war as an embodiment of the transcendent is about the struggle to surpass the boundaries of the human as well as the limits of human understanding. Escalating college costs have played a significant role in this slowdown, even as universities have substantially expanded their programs of financial aid. It is well war is so terrible else we would grow too fond of it. After all, we owe to war so much of our history and our literature. In 2007 American scholar Drew Gilpin Faust (born 1947) became Harvard University's first woman president. When the Supreme Court heard oral arguments on the future of affirmative action, I knew I had to be there. It was fought on our own soil, in places with familiar names and by people who seem not so unlike us. They began to question the sacrifices they had made. For this mornings ceremony I wore the traditional Harvard presidential robestyled on the garment of a Puritan minister and reminding us of Harvards origins. The reason I mention this is that in 1989 you made quite a mark with the argument you presented to historians that an underestimated explanation of why the Civil War ended in the manner it did may have related to the role women played in convincing the menfolk to cease and desist. . It requires us to confront the relationship among the noble, the horrible and the infinite, the animal, the spiritual and the divine. The campaign has already surpassed a public goal of $6.5 billion. On March 21, Harvard University President Drew Gilpin Faust and her brother, retired English and drama teacher Donald Gilpin, engaged in a conversation with Dean Jim Ryan about their successful careers as educators. More than twenty-six centuries later, contemplating Americas Civil War, Herman Melville concurred, None can narrate that strife. Yet both chose nonetheless to write, to find words to convey wars meaning, seeing in its impossibility the attraction of its necessity. We can see these values clearly in the choices and passions of our faculty and students: in the motto of Harvard Business School, which you heard earlier this morning uttered by the dean, the commitment to make a difference in the world. Most of the University would readily embrace this sentiment. In "Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the Civil War," Drew Gilpin Faust argues that the Civil War was a transformative period for elite white southern women. I feel very strongly about the importance of inclusiveness in the military. Harvard College is a residential community of learning with a goal, in the words of its dean, of personal and social as well as intellectual transformation. For Americans, it was and is a special war with special meanings. Reason and responsibility. Wars participants have often noted the failure of words to convey either its reality or its meaning. A sense of ignorance fuels the desire to overcome it, she said. War makes you a man; war makes you dead. War resists but demands understanding. An increasing interest in the lives of ordinary Americans during the years of conflict has included a great deal of research and writing about what happened beyond the battlefield, on the homefront, in communities and families North and South. LEACH: In your article you also noted the word nullification was in use then. As the world indulged in a bubble of false prosperity and excessive materialism, should universities in their research, teaching and writing have made greater efforts to expose the patterns of risk and denial? In myriad ways we challenge our students to be individuals of character as well as of learning. Bringing the subject back to the here and now, I can attest, having taught briefly under your leadership at Harvard, that the student body and faculty have found you to be an extraordinary president, able, like Lincoln, to manage deftly an institution of many parts and diverse egos. Unlike perhaps any other institutions in the world, they embrace the long view and nurture the kind of critical perspectives that look far beyond the present. Will the reenactors tell only an old battle piece of courage and glory and how sweet and proper it is to die? President Faust represents that essential truth as a model, but the trajectory by which she became Professor Faust tells us even more about her as a person and a scholar. And so you have to be able to listen to them and, in a sense, going back to what I said about studying history, see the world through their eyes. . One of the most striking aspects of the Civil War in my mind is why the North fought. The abolitionists have long been portrayed as heroes. It is about learning that molds a lifetime, learning that transmits the heritage of millennia; learning that shapes the future. There were just ways of doing things that separated black and white. So, nullification emerged in that context and was really a precursor of the language of states rights and secession that followed it a few decades later. As time has passed, she has learned that American society has approached death differently over time, with a stronger tendency to avoid the topic altogether today than there was in the past. Most of the costumed soldiers and camp followers will have read extensively about the war; they will wear garments accurate to the last button and stitch; they will use period weapons and canteens and knapsacks, for authenticity is the watchword of the thriving reenactor culture. Faust emphasized that education is about civic engagement, human engagement, and meaningful lives. In her educational career, Faust chose to devote her life to history. But we had a better idea of what to expect. Over the next several years Harvards financial situation improved as the U.S. economy recovered. BYU University Communications I wrote a senior thesis on American foreign policy, which I was very interested in, it being the Vietnam era. Do you find it remarkable that in the middle of our most horrific war he made a stand for expanding access higher education? Several thousand men clad in blue and gray had assembled on the field where two major encounters of the war had been fought to perform, as a New York Times reporter described it, a dramatic rsum of the battles highlights. Perched in bleachers and grandstands or milling in an adjacent field of refreshment tents and folding chairs, an enthusiastic crowd had cheered victorious Confederates and booed fleeing Union troops, just as Virginians had hailed their predecessors a century before. Her point of view is extremely interesting [17] : "Higher learning can offer individuals and societies a depth and breadth of vision . Humility is a prerequisite for becoming educated.. As I was attending at Antietam a rendering of the past that divorced it from history, a quite different battle was raging in Washington, just seventy miles away, over the celebration of the Emancipation Proclamation scheduled to take place at the Lincoln Memorial the following week. Appointed in the wake of widely aired disagreements between the presidents office and the faculty, she has brought calm and competence to the job of heading Americas most emblematic university, while also becoming a forthright spokesperson for the goals of educational access and inclusion. I could see that slaves were naming their children after their grandparents. And I could see things that Hammond himself probably never saw. Fausts research into how the South viewed and justified slavery led her to other stories of the era, including those of Confederate women, generally thought of as being among the staunchest supporters of the Confederate cause. LEACH: There is in Lincolns background that dimension, and also the obverse dimension. Asia Society takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with any government. Faust also cautioned against building universities that only address short-term albeit vital issues like economic development and health provisions. Universities are meant to be producers not just of knowledge but also of (often inconvenient) doubt. It was just taken for granted. Drew Gilpin Faust The seductiveness of war derives in part from its location on this boundary of the human, the inhuman, and the superhuman. 801-422-4511, Humility, Hope, and the Work of Becoming Educated | Drew Gilpin Faust | 2021. CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Oct. 12 Drew Gilpin Faust, Harvard University's first female president, was inaugurated Friday and offered a spirited defense of American higher education against demands . How did you make this argument and how do you go about pointing out the historical data to justify it? We entered a new world of disillusion that would yield the dark sensibility of Joseph Hellers Catch-22 at the heart of the late twentieth centurys approach to war. It featured leading characters Lee, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Sherman who combined the estimable and the flawed in ways that continue to engage biographers, readers and now television and movie audiences. killing . doubting . FAUST: When I became president, the issue of ROTCs absence from Harvard campus was already one that was very much in the air and much debated. Picking up that language from the past is done self-consciously as an invocation of resistance to centralized federal power, but it has other histories as well. Her successor, Lawrence Bacow, subsequently commissioned a formal study in 2019, continuing Faust's work. A well-known scholar of the antebellum South and the Civil War era and, since 2007, president of Harvard University, Faust had two histories in mind. In the enthusiasm of students and faculty, we see it as well. In the 1950s, Ron Kovic learned of war from John Wayne movies and felt destined for glory by his birth on the Fourth of July. As a nation, we need to ask more than this from our universities. But the idea did provoke an important debate on an old question: Just why did the Confederacy, which had forged a genuine brand of nationalism (as Faust herself had argued in yet another book, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism) and a devoted army, collapse in defeat? overridebuttonBgColor= Yet it has hardly reduced the salience of persisting differences in understanding. Learn more. from froth-corrupted lungs, the dying flung into wagons, the living left lame and blind. FAUST: It began with my book on women of the Confederate South and with my engagement with their diaries and letters. The school adopted a motto that has a double meaning: "Learn to change the world." In South Carolina, this was tied up with the defense of slavery. 1. Every field offered here at BYU can enable you to develop a new perspective on your life and experience if you open yourself to being a little disoriented, to seeing your own assumptions and choices as contingent, to examining their foundations in order to understand them anew, she said. We need the best of both. Higher education, Fallis insists, has the responsibility to serve not just as a source of economic growth, but as societys critic and conscience. Her most recent is This Republic of Suffering, which takes its title from the words of Frederick Law Olmsted and its subject from the vast death toll of the Civil War. That challenge is essential to their power and attraction. This is why it can provide the satisfaction of meaning to its participants; this too is why it offers such a natural attraction to writers and historians. A nation with a black president contrasts significantly with the nation that in 1961 still denied millions of black southerners the franchise. War assumes a trajectory towards victory and thus the possibility of its own cessation and conclusion. He lived in Clarke County, as we did, and he was very much a presence. All the material? her brother showed her a different approach. As we continue to be lured by war, we must be committed to convey its horrors. Existing studies of Confederate politics and public life, she wrote in the introduction to Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War, have paid almost no attention to the place of women., This lack of interest in the role of women led scholars to the growing disenchantment with the war on the home front as a factor in causing the Souths surrender, when the war might have been waged even longer. Cold Mountain is a recent literary rendering of such a story. We were concerned, she recalls Russell saying. When life itself cannot be taken for granted, its every aspect assumes an enhanced significance and value. For our youngest students, those just beginning to shape their adult lives, lives who today received what the ritual language of Commencement calls their first degree, for them these questions of values and responsibility take on particular salience. On October 12, 2007, Faust delivered her installation address, saying, A university is not about results in the next quarter; it is not even about who a student has become by graduation. In a mode both analytical and elegiac, Faust removed the veil from a subject that has never fit into the sentimentalized Civil War demanded by many enthusiasts. This was the norm when we were growing up. Still we are lured by war and still we tell the stories that both shape and distort our understanding of it. In an 1963 essay for the New York Times entitled Our Past Isnt What It Used to Be, the eminent historian C. Vann Woodward observed that there was far less agreement over the interpretation of the Civil War today than there was a half century ago. History, he remarked in a wry variation of Clausewitzs famous dictum, becomes the continuation of war by other means.. Prevailing discourse emphasises the university as a paramount player in a global system increasingly driven by knowledge, information and ideas. It beggars all description. A Wisconsin nurse, aiding the wounded in Tennessee, wrote home of the mental and physical suffering around her: There are times when the meaning of words seem to fade away; so entirely does our language fail to express the reality. In its assault on language, war once again challenges our very identity and essence, for it is words that help to define us as distinctively human. In 2001 Faust became founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, the successor to Radcliffe College, which had been Harvard Universitys womens college; she was also appointed Lincoln Professor of History at Harvard. By the end of the 20th century, as Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz document in The Race Between Education and Technology, the rate of increase in educational attainment had significantly slowed, and the United States had fallen behind a number of other nations in the percentage of its youth attending college. Walt Whitman warned that the real war will never get into the books. It would indeed be impossible ever fully to capture wars contradictions, its paradoxes, its horror and its exhilaration. The Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, had been of even greater significance in the war than either first or second Bull Run. Two siblings with long careers in education shared their thoughts on pedagogy during a discussion on Monday evening. Robert Penn Warren wrote of the war as that mystic cloud from which emerged our modernity, the great single event of our history. Historian and novelist Shelby Foote has called it the crossroads of our being. John Hope Franklin believed that it provided a common experience of suffering and sacrifice without which real nationhood and pursuit of a common destiny would have remained impossible. It established a newly powerful and centralized nation-state and launched it on a trajectory of economic expansion and world influence. When I was first a teaching fellow and Donald had been teaching for several years, I asked him to observe my class., She said while her habit was to focus on the substance of what she was teaching Have we read everything? An important leader in American higher education and a well-known scholar, Faust is the Lincoln Professor of History in Harvards Faculty of Arts and Sciences. She succeeded Lawrence H. Summers, who resigned in the wake of controversy over remarks that attributed womens lack of visibility in the sciences to intrinsic sex differences. The first masterwork of Western literature, dating to approximately 750 BCE, was the Iliad, a tale that exerts a wrenching power more than two millennia after its origin. The language of war made Americans protagonists in a story they understood rather than the victims or potential victims of forces beyond their comprehension or control. So, I cared a lot about the overturn of Dont ask, dont tell, as another step in the nations progression towards inclusiveness. And much is at stake, for us and for the world. Before serving as president, she was the founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and for many years was a professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania. The legislation was not passed by the 111th United States Congress. Like any good story, it offers the promise and gratification that accompany a resolution of the plot. . [16], In addition to promoting access to higher education, Faust has testified before the U.S. Congress to promote increased funding for scientific research and support of junior faculty researchers. She came north for high school to Concord Academy, a girls prep school in Massachusetts, and then to Bryn Mawr, a womens college outside Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1968. At this time there was a belief that slaves had no sense of family because it had been destroyed by the oppressions of slavery. She graduated from Concord (Massachusetts) Academy in 1964 and received a B.A. We write about war because it is so hard to write about war, because its contradictions demand attention, if not resolution, because its chaos demands some imposition of meaning and order. The Civil War centennial occurred in the midst of challenges and changes nearly as dramatic as the war itself. We all share a common history in America, but we dont necessarily share a common perspective. Early on in his 41-year career in both public and private schools, her brother exhibited a passion for teaching, she said, motivated by his students and the effort to inspire them to learn and to grow, and by a love of his subjects, English and drama. Faust addressed a need to improve the quality and reach of primary and secondary education, which she called the foundation of successful civil society and a growing middle class. A new book views them, and their family, in a different light. The army and the military services were integrated into American life in a way they no longer are. In 1975, Faust joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty as assistant professor of American civilization. But these were not issues that anybody spoke about out loud when I was growing up. Faust lamented the effects of the financial crisis on universities around the world, and said that debts associated with student loans have exceeded 1 trillion dollars in the United States. As a British soldier wrote of Gallipoli, It was a horrible day and a great day. Faust has not merely contributed to historical knowledge or told old stories well. As OBrien and Bao Ninh and countless others through the ages have recognized, there remains a fundamental un-tellability and unintelligibility about war in its resistance to language, in its refusal to rest within the bounds and shape of narrative. Omissions? Since the 1970s there has been a steep decline in the percentage of students majoring in the liberal arts and sciences, and an accompanying increase in preprofessional undergraduate degrees. . Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) is an American historian and was the 28th President of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role.She was ranked by Forbes in 2014 as the 33rd most powerful woman in the world.. Harvard President Drew Faust (2011) Quotes []. Fivescore years ago, he declared, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. King here invoked two of Lincolns most famous utterances, both issued, as he noted, just a hundred years before. For Gilpin, it was the paperwork. Drew Gilpin Faust is president emerita of Harvard University, the Arthur Kingsley Porter University Professor, and the author of Necessary Trouble: Growing Up at Midcentury. After two years, however, I so missed being in an environment of learning, and she returned to graduate school. TheAtlantic.com Copyright (c) 2023 by The Atlantic Monthly Group. [B]ut Peace is poor reading. Wars decide; they change rulers, governments, societies and the human beings swept up in them. Their endurance may lie in their impossibility; they can never be complete, for the tensions and contradictions within them will never be eliminated or resolved. 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