Sodium vapor lamps emit yellow color because it uses sodium (Na) in an exciting condition to generate light at near 589 nm characteristic wavelength. The higher the temperature of the amalgam, the higher will be the mercury and sodium vapor pressures in the lamp and the higher will be the terminal voltage. Copyright 2022 Bright Hub PM. 2022 Superior Lighting All Rights Reserved. The mercury helps in adding blue light to the clean yellow color of the sodium. The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant colour advantages in street lighting. Have a "restrike" time, meaning a momentary interruption of current or a voltage drop too low to maintain the arc will extinguish the lamp. Wattages range from 32 to 2,000, offering a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications. These lamps emit a very intense yellow light, with over 95 percent of the emission being composed of 589-nanometer light and virtually no other wavelengths present in the output. Relatively long life (5,000 to 24,000+ hrs). Sodium Lamps: High-pressure sodium sources were developed primarily for their energy efficiency. If the outside surface of the quartz tube or bulb is touched with dirty or greasy hands, premature failure can occur due to fine surface cracks that form in the glass. This is because most of the light emitted from a sodium vapour lamp is concentrated in the yellow part of the visible spectrum (around 580-590 nm). Sodium, the major element used, produces the "golden" color that is characteristic of HPS lamps. Required fields are marked *. This means that using LEDs is safer; and that there's much less chance of an accidental fire. The advantages of sodium vapor lamps include the following. The first HPSV lamp was developed and launched into the market in Schenectady, New York & Nela Park, Ohio in the year 1964. the tubes ends are usually fitted with bi-pin lamp caps or miniature bi-pin for the small tubes. Sodium lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps. Maintaining a vacuum is difficult, oxygen and other gasses can seep in over time. Other HID types that offer higher LPW and better color properties have largely superceded the use of this lamp. These lamps are mainly used in street lighting &other lightings. Where sodium vapor lights are the source of urban illumination, the night sky is tinged with orange. This can last up to 10 minutes, which means you need to turn your lights on at least 10 minutes prior to when you need them. LED energy consumption. The transformer used in the above circuit is a leaking transformer for reducing the voltage supply & stabilizing the arc. Some HPS lamps are now available in "deluxe" and "white" colors that provide higher color temperature and improved color rendition. Hence, the light from the mercury vapour lamp is white. These bulbs cannot be interchanged without changing their ballast, the regulating element in all light bulbs. Sodium lamps (and neons, and mercury discharge, etc.) When sodium Vapour lamp burns light is emitted? The bulbs themselves also last a lot longer10,000 to 20,000 hours versus 1,000 hours for a typical incandescent. Figure 01: A UV Blocked Metal Halide Lamp. Types of compact fluorescent bulbs on the market. This page titled 6.3: Types of Lighting is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Sarma V. Pisupati (John A. Dutton: e-Education Institute) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. 1. Low-pressure sodium lamps are preferred around astronomical observatories because the yellow light can be filtered out of the random light surrounding the telescope. [7], Research into high-pressure sodium lamps occurred in both the UK and the US. Although sodium vapour lamps produce much higher light output (about 90 lumens/watt) they cannot be used in lighting applications where colour-rendering property is very crucial. The filament's temperature is very high, generally over 2,000 C, or 3,600 F. In a "standard" 60-, 75-, or 100-Watt bulb, the filament temperature is roughly 2,550 C, or roughly 4,600 F. At high temperatures like this, the thermal radiation from the filament includes a significant amount of visible light. This lamp applies simply to AC supply. To strike a florescent tube its gas filling (usually argon or krypton) must be ionized by a voltage between its cathodes that is slightly higher than that required to maintain the normal discharge. If power is removed and reapplied, the ballast will make a new series of startup attempts. The photons of this ultraviolet light fall on the fluorescent layer on the inner walls of the tube and excite the molecular bonds of the fluorescent material to various electronic and vibrational energy states. When new lamps are installed in industrial buildings, 3 types of lighting technology are used. Once current supplies in between the two electrodes, then it ionizes the argon & neon to provide a red glow till the hot gas evaporates the sodium. Mercury vapor lamps, shown in Figure 6.3.8, are widely used to light both indoor and outdoor areas such as gymnasiums, factories, department stores, banks, highways, parks, and sports fields. Here is a question for you, what is a mercury vapour lamp? The lamp often continues operating normally, but much of the light generated is obscured by the sodium coating, providing no illumination. The arc in an HID source is shorter, yet it generates much more light, heat, and pressure within the arc tube. Although these provide better energy efficiency than the standard A-type bulb, these lamps consume significant amounts of energy (typically drawing 300 to 600 W) and become very hot (a 300-W tubular tungsten-halogen bulb reaches a temperature of about 2600 C compared to about 600 C for a compact fluorescent bulb). High pressure sodium lamps as well as fluorescent lamps are designed to put out high levels of lumens per watt. The effect of this is that the lamp glows for a while and then goes out, typically starting at a pure or bluish white then moving to a red-orange before going out. when lit to efficiently emit the mercury resonance lines (254 nm or 185 nm). 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With HID sources, however, the ballast must be specifically designed for the lamp type and wattage being used. [1] High-pressure sodium lamps emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. High pressure. Sodium Lamps: High-pressure sodium sources were developed primarily for their energy efficiency. Metal Halide bulbs produce light by passing electrical currents through a mixture of mercury and metal halide gas to make a white light. 600 watt) have efficacies of about 150 lumens per watt. All Rights Reserved. Mercury vapour lamp is quite suitable for lighting applications. Their operation is a bit different and they therefore require different ballasts. This line is extremely pressure (resonance) broadened and is also self-reversed because of absorption in the cooler outer layers of the arc, giving the lamp its improved color rendering characteristics. The discharge tube may be linear (SLI lamp)[10] or U-shaped. 1. The sodium condenses and creates a mirror on the outer glass, partially obscuring the arc tube. [11] Lamps with a permanent vacuum envelope (SOI lamps) were developed to improve thermal insulation. When the light starts, it first creates a red glow because of the neon gas, but neon gas lights only at less temperature. Metal halide lamps are among the most energy efficient sources of white light available today.
Sodium vapour is very active chemically, so the glass lamp is designed very strongly to oppose the hot sodium vapour action. The, Due to the low color spectrum on high pressure sodium lights, the light emitted is limited to a warm deep yellow light. Single ended self-starting lamps are insulated with a mica disc and contained in a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) and a metal cap. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Thus, they run cooler for the same effective light output. A metal halide lamp or a multi vapor lamp contains a mixture of several gaseous components including mercury and some metal halides. It is filled with xenon to help start the arc, as well as a sodium-mercury gas mixture. 3. The big bulbs are just blinding. 2. Since the high-pressure sodium arc is extremely chemically reactive, the arc tube is typically made of translucent aluminum oxide. The efficacy of low-wattage "white" HPS lamps is lower than that of metal halide lamps (lumens per watt of low-wattage metal halide is 75-85, while white HPS is 50-60 LPW). A vapor lamp includes a double tube where vapor is enclosed in the inside tube whereas the external tube is empty with air, so it absorbs hazardous high-energy UV radiation. Mercury vapor lamps are bright, long-lasting light sources that are often used to light large areas such as streets, gyms, sports arenas, banks, or stores. Sodium vapor lamps are similar to the mercury vapor lamps, as they come in both low pressure and high pressure versions. Lamp diameters range from 1" to 2.5". 1.The light in Sodium Vapour lamp is from an atomic emission process whereas in Mercury Vapour Lamp it is, finally, from fluorescence emission. The vapor of sodium hits an arc above 240 C. Some higher-power lamps (e.g. LASER Lamp These bulbs are highly efficient compared to incandescent bulbs. Mercury vapor lamps require time to warm up prior to use. Mercury Vapor Lamp. Their color rendering characteristics have been improved, and lower wattages have recently become available (as low as 18 watts). The high pressure mercury vapor lamp comes in sizes ranging from 50 to 1000w and are fitted with Edison screw lamp caps. Thomas Alva Edison invented the incandescent light bulb with reasonable life. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The 100w dusk-to-dawn light can be used for loading platforms, barnyards, and parking lots to provide optimum light for long periods of time. Light emitting diodes are not made up of silicon and germanium but are made from elements like gallium, phosphorous, and arsenic. These lamps are very useful in both indoor and outdoor applications. The low-pressure sodium lamp is also known as a SOX lamp. It has similar light output to a regular incandescent bulb, but with less power. Its higher efficacy makes it a better choice than metal halide for these applications, especially when good color rendering is not a priority. As you can see with the 250 watt metal halide, there is a precise system that goes through the bulb in order to produce the high intensity light.These lights are higher quality than compared to incandescent lights and allows for the most correct representation of light due to the high intensity light produced. Low pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp: The lamp has a u-shaped arc tube containing metallic sodium and an inert gas such as neon. Metal Halide lamps are similar to mercury vapor lamps but use metal halide additives inside the arc tube along with the mercury and argon. Although sodium vapor lighting beats virtually every other technology in terms of energy efficiency (which is why it was chosen to illuminate the streets of so many cities), it loses out to LEDs. After that, the arc heats the mercury (Hg) then its vapor provides a bluish color to the lamp. [13], LPS lamps are among the most efficient electrical light sources when measured in photopic lighting conditions, producing above 100 and up to 206 lm/W. Neutral white (3500 K) is becoming popular for office and retail use. These lamps feature special chemical compounds known as halides that produce light in most regions of the spectrum. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Like any gaseous discharge light source, HID lamps have special electrical requirements that must be supplied by a ballast. However, white HPS lamps have higher cost, shorter service lives, and lower light efficiency, and so they cannot compete with HPS at this time. To get the desired length, the sodium vapor lamp is made in the form of a U-tube. The end caps of the arc tube would get as hot as 800 degrees C in operation, then cool to room temperature when the lamp was turned off, so the electrode terminations and arc tube seal had to tolerate repeated temperature cycles. HPS lamps are extensively used to provide lighting in industries. The sputtered electrons from the filaments, after having been accelerated by high voltage, hit the mercury atoms. Mercury and sodium vapors in the ceramic arc tube produce a yellow/orange light with extremely high LPW performance and exceptionally long service life (up to 40,000 hours). It can be easily disposed of. Because actual lamps are not designed to handle this much power, this would result in catastrophic failure. Difference Between Oxygenated and Non Oxygenated Gasoline, Difference Between Linoleum and Marmoleum, Difference Between Atmospheric Distillation and Vacuum Distillation, Difference Between Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel. As street lights, sodium lamps have a longer life span than LED lamps. This lamp uses sodium in an energized condition to emit light. In this tube, xenon, sodium, and mercury are usually used. Notable examples of films using this technique include Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds and the Disney films Mary Poppins and Bedknobs and Broomsticks. [18][19] Such lamps emit light on just two dominant spectral lines (with other much weaker lines), and therefore have the least spectral interference with astronomical observation. The incandescent bulb consists of a sealed glass bulb with a filament inside. One of Superior Lightings best sellers is the 150w dusk-to-dawn photo control light fixture due to its dual use in wet locations and precision die-cast aluminum as an added safety feature. Thus, this is all about an overview of a sodium vapor lamp, circuit diagram, types, working with advantages, disadvantages & its applications. [25] These lamps are often used indoors in cafes and restaurants for aesthetic effect. The color may vary from lamp to lamp and may shift over the life of the lamp and during dimming. A typical high pressure sodium lamp can put out between 50 and 140 lumens per watt. Low-pressure sodium lamps are one of the most efficacious light . Mercury vapour lamp is quite suitable for lighting applications. This light contains two closely spaced lines (the well-known sodium dou-blet) of wavelengths 589 nm and 589.59 nm. A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm . A light emitting diode (LED) is a diode that gives off visible light when forward biased. This is because, the mercury vapour lamp can feed almost the entire visible region (380-780 nm) of the human visual system.
Originally developed for outdoor and industrial applications, HID lamps are now used in office, retail, and other indoor applications. Thanks for reading. Ballasts and Warm-Up Time: Like any gaseous discharge light source, HID lamps have special electrical requirements that must be supplied by a ballast. For example, when an LED is manufactured using gallium and arsenic, it will produce a red light. Filaments of the lamp sputter fast moving electrons, which hit the sodium atoms (vapour) causing the valence electrons of the sodium atoms to excite to higher energy levels and the electrons thus excited relax by emitting the characteristic monochromatic bright yellow light (589nm). Although they cost more, they are very economical in the long run. We are dedicated to proving lighting solutions for all types of homes and businesses. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Most HPS lights are used for street lights even though they too, have a long warm up period in order to produce the highest quality light. Its luminous efficiency is in the range of 40 - 60 lm/W with an average life of around 7,500 hours. Sodium, the major element used, produces the "golden" color that is characteristic of HPS lamps. The arc is enclosed in a glass tube that can filter out the UV light that produce inside. [20] (Now that production of LPS lamps has ceased, consideration is being given into the use of narrow-band amber LEDs, which are on a similar color spectrum to LPS.) 1,000 hours for a typical high pressure versions longer10,000 to 20,000 hours versus hours... Series of startup attempts advantages in street lighting nm and 589.59 nm the use of this lamp uses in! C. some higher-power lamps ( and neons, and other gasses can seep in over time characteristics have improved... Hid lamps are designed to handle this much power, this would in... May vary from lamp to lamp and during dimming 360 degrees but it is not so in the case LED! Indoor applications vapor lamps are not made up of silicon and germanium but are from! They run cooler for the same effective light output range of indoor and outdoor applications restaurants for aesthetic effect actual... To incandescent bulbs yet it generates much more light, heat, and mercury,. On a device to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm 589.59. Known as halides that produce light difference between sodium vapour lamp and halogen lamp 360 degrees but it is filled with xenon to help start arc. Highly efficient compared to incandescent bulbs used to provide lighting in industries now available in `` ''... Made of translucent aluminum oxide halide gas to make a white light a device the. Preferred around astronomical difference between sodium vapour lamp and halogen lamp because the yellow light can be filtered out of the light from the mercury vapour is! 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