It was never my fortune to witness a more bloody, dismal battlefield.. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. : The Sorry Story of Colonel WilliamChristian, As the 21st Georgias battle-tested fighters settled into positions behind the rocks and trees in the southern end of the East Woods, they knew that another Yankee advance would soon enough seek to drive them from their new position. McClellan had given him the option to push on to relieve the trapped garrison at the arsenal, but McLaws hastily put together a defensive line that gave Franklin pause. With the full commitment of McClellans troops, which outnumbered the Confederates two to one, the battle might have had a more definitive outcome. The division commander, John R. Jones, had been wounded by shrapnel earlier, and Brig. From that moment on, John Cook worked a gun alongside the trained artillerymen to face down the onslaught of Woffords attacking Texas Brigade. The Pennsylvanians fired a tremendous volley into the flank of Colquitts brigade, already locked in heavy combat with Union troops in the clover pasture beyond the northern fringe of the cornfield. After McClellan fails to pursue Lee on his retreat south, Lincoln loses faith in his general. Thomas Wait and myself told him that we were not firing at our own men for those that were firing at us from behind the trees had been firing at us from the first, recalled Libby. The Cornfield Trail starts at Auto Tour Stop 4. (Part Two): The Complicated Story of Virginias General John R.Jones, Cowards in the Cornfield? The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. 2. I supposed that we had everything in our own hands, he thought. McClellan charged Hooker and Mansfield, supported by Sumner, with the main effort against the Confederate left, while Burnside crossed the lower bridge and fords at Antietam Creek to attack the ridgeline on the Confederate right. After the battle, photographer Alexander Gardner photographed their corpses, twisted and contorted into grotesque positions, lying unburied in the summer sun. Because Federal and Confederate forces repeatedly . Unfortunately for the Union, this temporal advantage in the center is not followed up with further advances and eventually the Union defenders must abandon their position. Two divisions under Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws were to approach the arsenal from the north and seize the commanding position of Maryland Heights. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. Some of these regiments attacked all the way to the northern edge of the Cornfield, where they were crushed by the arrival of the Union Twelfth Corps. events, and resources, Battle of Antietam: Clash in the Cornfield. In spite of his diminished ranks, Lee continues to skirmish with McClellan on September 18, while removing his wounded south of the Potomac River. : The Sorry Story of Colonel WilliamChristian, The 90th Pennsylvania Infantry in the Cornfield: Solitary and alone, we gave and took ourmedicine, The 1st Texas Infantry in the Cornfield: Slipping theBridle, Captain Von Bachelle and his canine friend sacrifice all in theCornfield, Elliotts Antietam Burial Map: New Revelations About the CornfieldsToll, Tigers in the Cornfield: Hays Louisiana Brigade atAntietam, The 105th New York in Antietams Cornfield: The High Price ofAchievement, The 6th Georgia in the Cornfield: Squeezed by a DeadlyVice, The 19th Indiana in Antietams Cornfield: The command is no longer forward, but now it is followme!, The 1st Georgia Regulars and 1st Minnesota Infantry at Antietam: A Kindness in theCornfield, The 2nd Massachusetts in the Cornfield: Robert Gould Shaws Command Baptism byFire, New Old Views of the Miller Farm and Antietams Cornfield, The 5th Virginias Private Ezra Stickley: Irony in theCornfield, John Cook: An Ohio boy comes of age in AntietamsCornfield, The 21st Georgia: An Unexpected Mission in Antietams EastWoods, The 97th New York Infantry in theCornfield. Lost Order, Lost Cause. They also ended any hope of France and Great Britain acknowledging the Confederacy and coming to their aid. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! He retrieved an envelope that contained three cigars wrapped around the copy of Special Orders No. Stragglers were everywhere, and entire regiments milled about without direction. Nine Union batteries on the ridge behind the Poffenberger farm replied. The avalanche of Union troops pushed Rodes steadily back and cost him more than one-third of his command. By September 12, the Army of Northern Virginia expected to mass in the vicinity of Hagerstown, poised for the push into Pennsylvania. President Lincoln, however, wasnt pleased. The Battle of South Mountain began early on September 14, and by 11 am Union troops of Brig. There has never been a bloodier day in American military history than September 17, 1862. On September 14, at the base of South Mountain near Sharpsburg, Confederate Generals D.H. Hills and James Longstreets units encountered Union resistance and sustained heavy casualties. But after several unexpected and demoralizing Union losses, including Major General John Popes sound defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run, it became clear the Confederacy wasnt going to be easy to crush. (4) At 8:00 a.m., Gen. Joseph Mansfields Twelfth Corps, over 7,000 soldiers, arrived and drove back Hoods men and the Confederate reinforcements from the Sunken Road. Military historians consider the Battle of Antietam a stalemate. The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.m4b 748.6 MB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.jpg 51.6 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.cue 1.3 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.nfo 1.2 kB; : 713.95MB : 2022-12-18 : 19. This assault on Robert E. Lee's forces began the Battle of Antietam, the single bloodiest day of the Civil War. Lieutenant James Wilson, a member of McClellans staff, observed, Nobody seemed to be in a hurry. John Cook swung his bugle over his shoulder and wrested from the dead man his leather pouch, bearing the undelivered shell without which the cannon was useless. Commanders on both sides were trying to make order out of chaos, and even the most hardened veteran could scarcely comprehend the unimaginable holocaust that engulfed the cornfield, the woods, turnpike, and high ground around the Dunker Church, where more than 8,000 soldiers, Union and Confederate, lay dead or wounded. The terrain was dotted by farmsteads, pastures, and cornfields, separated here and there by rail fences. Civil War Trust.The Peninsula Campaign. Meades 3rd Division followed in support. "Battle of Antietam: Carnage in a Cornfield", "cwla - Antietam Modern Image Gallery 11 Frame", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller%27s_Cornfield&oldid=1139340604, Battlefields of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. What happened next was pivotal: On September 13, two Union soldiers, Private Barton W. Mitchell and Sergeant John M. Bloss, discovered a copy of Special Order 191 with detailed Confederate troop movements, allegedly wrapped around three cigars. Reinforcements from Longstreet tried to stem the tide but were driven back. Lincoln disagreed. Donate Now Learn more about the D.R. Meanwhile, Lee counted on McClellans lack of aggressiveness. Gen. William E. Starke spurred his brigade of Louisiana soldiers and accompanying Virginians headlong into the Iron Brigade. Upon learning of the valuable find, an ecstatic McClellan reportedly exclaimed, Here is a paper with which, if I cannot whip Bobby Lee, I will be willing to go home. He immediately moved his army in hopes of foiling Lees battle plans. As Jacksons line wavered under unrelenting Union pressure, two brigades of his old division, 1,150 strong, rolled out of the West Woods. The Civil War was in the midst of its second costly year, and the Union armies had yet to win a significant victory in the eastern theater. Antietam National Cemetery In 20 minutes of fighting, Duryea lost 300 men. You are bully boys but dont go any farther. Captain Benjamin F. Cook of the 12th Massachusetts remembered the horrific fighting in the cornfield and its aftermath. As the sun rose on September 17, 1862, Major General Joseph Hooker and his I Corps launched a vicious assault on the Army of Northern Virginia's left flank at the West Woods at around 6:00am. Gibbons command had fought with such ferocity at Turners Gap that Hooker commented that the men were as strong as iron. The carnage was terrific; only two dozen of the original 250 men of the 6th Georgia survived the maelstrom without being killed or wounded. Facing threats in front and right, as the enemy advanced the Georgians suddenly realized they were in a tremendous Union vise that was about to literally squeeze the regiment to death. After more than an hour of fighting around the East Woods and the eastern half of the cornfield, the Federals had failed to press their slight advantage, feeding troops into the battle piecemeal as the Confederates had rushed reinforcements from the center to stem the Union tide. The siege of Harpers Ferry was to be successfully concluded as soon as possible. As Brig. This further isolated the Confederacy and made it harder for them to re-supply their troops and citizens. In less than fifteen we were sending and receiving death missiles by the bushel. Hoods men drove north, forcing the First Corps back across the Cornfield. Gibbons Iron Brigade plowed down the Hagerstown Turnpike toward the cornfield and the West Woods. Fearful that the brigade was about to be flanked, he raised the alarm prematurely. The rail fence provided little protection, and Starkes men fell in heaps. He needed a legitimatizing Union victory in the field before he could issue the proclamation. As Union soldiers stepped out of the Cornfield at dawn, September 17, 1862, Confederate troops unleashed a horrific volley. One of his junior officers observed a large Union formation moving to the right. The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in American history, and the partial victory by Union troops led Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Colonel Lee later described the fighting as artillery hell., While Hooker watched the opening moments of the fight from the Miller farm, he noticed that the cornfield was teeming with Rebels; bayonets gleamed in the morning sun above the ripening stalks of corn. At about 9:00 a.m. there was a short lull in the action. President Abraham Lincoln, still mourning the death of his 11-year-old son, Willie, earlier that year, sought desperately to find a general who could reverse the growing belief that Confederate arms, under the able leadership of General Robert E. Lee, were invincible. 12. For more than three hours, fewer than 500 Confederate soldiers held Lower Bridge against multiple assaults by Union General Ambrose Burnsides Ninth Corps. To further complicate matters, Republicans faced midterm elections in November of 1862, and their victory wasnt in the bag. Their fire was devastating. Jackson summoned his last reserves, the 2,300 men of Hoods division. Major Rufus Dawes took command, pushing to a rail fence and engaging in a heated fight with Georgia troops south of the cornfield. His decision was pivotal. Within minutes, Doubledays hard-won progress was completely reversed. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. This article about the American Civil War is a stub. The Battle of Antietam in September 1862 turned back the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Civil War. He surveyed the terrain and noticed a patch of high ground about a mile to his front near the junction of the Smoketown Road and the Hagerstown Turnpike. Perhaps the reality of the battle was best described by Union soldier Charles Goddard in a letter to his mother: If the horrors of war cannot be seen on this battlefield, they cant be seen any where.. The 19th Indiana and 7th Wisconsin crossed the turnpike to cover the Iron Brigades flank, and Gibbon brought up Battery B, 4th U.S. It also gave President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at a moment of strength rather than desperation. Late in the afternoon, reinforcements from Longstreet began to arrive. Gen. George A. Hartsuff, moved forward. Little is known Continue reading Claimed by the Cornfield: Georgias Colonel MarcellusDouglass, When General J. R. Jones quickly relinquished command at the prospect of marching his division into Antietams Cornfield, his fellow Southern officers began whispering the word coward behind his back. It pitted Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of. Hoods men threw down half-eaten biscuits and stuffed bacon into their mouths as they rushed to fill the gap. Jefferson County, WV|Sep 12-15, 1862, Frederick County and Washington County, MD|Sep 14, 1862, Washington County, MD|Sep 16-18, 1862, Town of Shepherdstown, WV|Sep 19-20, 1862, Washington County, MD | September 17, 1862. Frustrated with Lincolns policies and the course of the war, Democrats launched an anti-war campaign, hoping to take over the U.S. House of Representatives. East Woods 4. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Cornfield: Antietams Bloody Tur., Welker, David A New Book at the best online prices at eBay! Our first stop is D. R. Miller's farm, around which swirled fighting in the bloody Cornfield By David A. Welker One of the most enjoyable moments when researching history comes in finding something new, even when that thing is quite old. General James Longstreet "On the forenoon of the 15th, the blue uniforms of the Federals appeared among the trees that crowned the heights on the eastern bank of the Antietam. Alfred Colquitt and Robert Rodes fought desperately to hold the pass. Lee planned to retreat to Virginia, but changed his mind after hearing Confederate General Thomas Jonathan Jacksonbetter known as Stonewall Jacksonhad captured Harpers Ferry. Lee had heard nothing from Stonewall and was startled to receive word a short time later that Harpers Ferry was expected to fall the next day. Duryeas brigade followed Seymour out of the East Woods and into the cornfield, stepping over mangled Confederate corpses that canister shots had killed moments earlier. Click here to open PreserveCast Few names are as synonymous with Civil War battlefields as The Bloody Cornfield. This article appears in: Early Fall 2014 By Michael E. Haskew The White House was a somber place in the summer of 1862. A most ragged lean and hungry set of wolves.. Instead, Lee ordered his army to regroup at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg. Mansfield and II Corps under Maj. Gen. Edwin Sumner extended the Federal right opposite Hoods positions along the Smoketown Road to high ground near McClellans headquarters at a brick farmhouse. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. We cannot afford to be idle.. Turn left (south) and walk through the historic Cornfield to complete your hike. Lower Bridge (Burnside Bridge) 10. It was one of those marvelous flights that beggar explanation or description.. THE BATTLE OF Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, remains America's bloodiest single day. Encyclopedia Virginia.The Significance of the Battle of Antietam. Halt, 102nd, he ordered. Gen. Truman Seymour, quickly reached the edge of the East Woods at the Smoketown Road. The Proclamation, which vows to free the slaves of all states still in rebellion as of January 1, 1863, will forever change the course of the war and the nation by marrying the Union cause with an attack on the institution of slavery. Hoods Confederates had been marching and fighting continually for several days, and Jackson gave permission for Hood to withdraw his division to the vicinity of the Dunker Church to cook rations. A total of 23,000 men were killed, wounded or captured; 3650 soldiers were killed - 2100 Unionists and 1550 Confederates. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. As Longstreets men began trudging toward Sharpsburg, Lee reversed his earlier order. 126, May 18,2020, D. R. Millers Cornfield was a long way from New Orleans docks and marshes, but for many "Louisiana Tigers" in Hays Brigade this deadly spot would become their final resting place, By David A. Welker With my book on Antietam's Cornfield finally published, click here for a brief taste of some of the big themes it discusses: "The Cornfield Inside the Action at Antietams Bloody Turning Point" And if you'd like a preview to read a few pages, here's another link you can click on Continue reading The Cornfield Inside the Action at Antietams Bloody TurningPoint. Firing canister at point-blank range, Union artillery raked the attackers. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.The Battle of Antietam. Only darkness halted the Union advance. Fighting raged into the gathering darkness as Georgia and Alabama troops under Brig. Fewer know about the films opening scenes, which take Captain Shaw and the 2nd Massachusetts into the horror of the Cornfield. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. By mid-summer 1862, President Abraham Lincoln had the Emancipation Proclamationa document declaring freedom for all slaves in the so-called rebellious statesready to go. Free delivery for many products! Six generals were killed or mortally wounded, three from the Union army and three Confederates. Colonel Robert H. Chilton, his adjutant, copied the orders for subordinate generals. (1) At daybreak, Gen. Joseph Hookers First Corps, approximately 8,000 men, advanced south through the Cornfield where, the hostile battle lines opened a tremendous fire upon each other. Initially knocked back, Hookers men regrouped and began to push Gen. Stonewall Jacksons men back as the casualties on both sides quickly escalated. Join us online July 24-26! Widely considered to be one of the most beautiful, pristine and well-preserved Civil War battlefields, Antietam is a must-see for any Civil War Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Late on the afternoon of the 16th, Hooker crossed Antietam Creek intending to position more than 8,000 Union troops to launch the attack the following morning. 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