And this is the truth that is so offensive to flesh in every form. In the next place, we have the apostle's prayer: "For this cause we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to pray for you, and to desire that ye might be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding; that ye might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing, being fruitful in every good work, and growing by the knowledge of God." It is the word used when Jesus said, "My yoke is easy." He belonged to God's chosen people and the other nations were fit only to be fuel for the fires of hell. In its own nature like the rays from the sky, it was the sun not for one part of the world alone, but for every quarter. Resources . I can do what I want." There is the forbearing and the forgiving spirit. . This, I am sure, should not be weakened, brethren. The Holy Spirit brings in that which completely judges and sets aside all such speculations. I'm able to handle. from now on the Christian will see everything in the light and against the background of eternity. When the soul has been in peace weaned from all else, and found all its joy and boast in Christ, it can then hear more freely. It was amongst these things that you once spent your lives; when you lived among them; but now you must divest yourselves of all these things--anger, temper, malice, slander, foul talk which issues from your mouth. The Christian forbears and forgives; and he does so because a forgiven man must always be forgiving. (2) He is at the right hand of God. Christ in them. The Jew looked down on every other nation. When he was writing to the Philippians, he said, "For me to live is Christ" ( Php_1:21 ). Oh, what majesty, as well as adaptation to need, in the truth of God! We remember, for instance, the tragic question of Mary Lamb, whose mind was ultimately unhinged: "Why is it that I never seem to be able to do anything to please my mother?" 3 For you died, and your life is now hidden with Christ in God. The Christian must put off anger and temper. It was they that yielded to these feelings of hostility. THE THINGS WHICH LIE BEHIND ( Colossians 3:5-9 a). "Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; and having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it. Seek those things that are above. But there is far more than growth in knowledge, or even by the knowledge of God. Certainly they have no relation to me now risen with Him. His master could thrash or brand or maim or even kill him at his caprice; he had not even the right of marriage. Children, obey your parents in all things, for this is well-pleasing in the Lord. Leave off therefore earthly things. I shall not contend against others who are of a different mind; but certainly the Apostle appears to me to go on step by step, so that, in the first instance, he places traditions as to trivial matters in contrast with meditation on the heavenly life, and afterwards, as we shall see, goes a step farther. Our affections should not be fixed on houses and lands; on scenes of fashion and gaiety; on low and debasing enjoyments. To the virtues and the graces Paul adds one more--what he calls the perfect bond of love. Thus it is that He rises into a new condition, leaving behind that which had fallen under vanity or death through its sinning chief, the first Adam. Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all ( Colossians 3:11 ). For you have. It may be added that what is said of the same truth is in Colossians attributed to Christ, or that life which we have in Christ. And they keep teasing the child, pulling it away until the child just looses control and screams, and then, isn't that funny and then hands them the candy. It is necessary to mortify sins, because if we do not kill them, they will kill us. To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, Baker Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. True, and known to some from the first, the Spirit would brook no hiding of it in order to meet the daring of men and the subtilty of the enemy, who were taking advantage of the lower glory of Christ, so as to deny all that was higher His deity and eternal Sonship. Long ago Aristotle had defined praotes as the happy mean between too much and too little anger. 1. there is in fallen man, as such, a will that hates the truth, and despises the grace of God. They needed rather reproof, and they are warned that the course on which they were entering was slippery and perilous. There was, there could be, no lack of the attractiveness of love and power in Him who went about doing good; yet miserable hearts did not turn to Him, save where the grace of God the Father drew them to the only adequate expression of Himself. He was minister of both, and of the latter, it would seem, in a peculiar and weighty sense: not merely as ministering to the church, but as the instrument that God has employed to make known to us its character and calling more than any other. And what was to be done? Things above are unseen and eternal, while earthly things are temporary and passing away ( 2 Cor. Here is a Bible study, commentary, and summary of Colossians chapter three. The Colossians, like others, would have liked this well enough; it is just what they were about, and the very thing that the apostle is here correcting. but is still following out his discussion as to ceremonies, which he represents as resembling entanglements which constrain us to creep upon the ground. In the which you also walked sometime, when you lived in them. There was no doubt a suitability for each line of truth in the wants of the saints respectively addressed; nor do I think it can be intelligently questioned that the condition of the Ephesian saints was better than that of those at Colosse. I'm macho. It inherited that from the Jews, for Philo tells us that often they would spend the whole night in hymns and songs. (Colossians 1:13-14) And how is He the Head of the body? Dr. Johnson believed that there are far more falsehoods told unaware than deliberately; and he believed that a child should be checked when he deviates in the smallest detail from the truth. Does not this still abide true? For don't be deceived, if you are living after the flesh, you are not an heir of the kingdom of God. As to tradition, it invariably puts man as far off from God as it can, and calls this religion. In it there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free man. I know he is, because I don't know if he loves me or not." In this context it is much more likely that what is forbidden is slanderous talk against one's fellow-men. But this is not at all the divine way of dealing with the Christian. See how and for what the apostle gives thanks again. All things were created by Him, no doubt; but they were created for Him also not by Him for the Father. How can I show her how much I appreciate her and love her?" He who is our best friend and our head is advanced to the highest dignity and honour in heaven, and has gone before to secure to us the heavenly happiness; and therefore we should seek and secure what he has purchased at so vast an expense, and is taking so much care about. But if we violate these rules, we're going to bring misery into our marriage. But it was given to Paul, and to Paul alone, to communicate this great truth in his epistles; and he alone has used the well-known phrase. Our true life lies in the other world: You are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God,Colossians 3:3; Colossians 3:3. He is dead with Christ; consequently he has passed out of the sphere to which such dealings apply. Any marriage in which everything is done for the convenience of one of the partners and where the other exists simply to gratify the needs and desires of the first, is not a Christian marriage. "Are you sure? Hence we learn, it may be seasonable to remark, that the shape given to the mystery here is not that Christ is exalted in heaven, and that the church, by the Holy Ghost sent down thence, is united to Him the Head there. Towards the end of his life Joad came back to religion and returned to the family of the Church; but it was not without a struggle, and it was the insistence of the Christian Church on sexual purity which kept him so long from making the final decision. If it is the desire for a person, it leads to sexual sin. Love heavenly things; studythem; let your hearts be entirely engrossedby them. Everything which would keep him from fully obeying God and fully surrendering to Christ must be surgically excised. It therefore has characteristics of a letter by Continue reading "Commentary on Colossians 3:1-4" He it is who fills the saints, guarding them from the excitement of the flesh, and guiding into that holy joy which issues in thanksgiving and praise. You come to that space from time to time in the prophets. Then come allusions to his various fellow-prisoners and fellow-servants, particularly noting Epaphras, who laboured fervently in prayer for them. He it is who works in the various gifts of Christ, welding them together, so that it may be truly Christ through His body. Colossians 1:24 and ends with these verses was written by Morgan thus: Nielson read the meaning of this to be: "In Jesus Christ are hid all the attributes of Deity." Guthrie's significant analysis of these two verses is: Every thought of man is vain in the presence of His wisdom. But the distinctive character is that He is "the beginning, the firstborn from the dead" not merely the firstborn of, but the first-born out of. This, then, shows Christ, in a certain sense, in the Gentiles here below; as, in the Ephesians, Christ is seen above and we in Him. (Read all of Colossians 3) Complete Concise I. We need the positive as well as the negative; and as we have just had the latter, so the former now comes before us. Christian life and growth come from God through a direct relationship between the believer and Christ. (ii) The Christian ethic lays down the duty of the child to respect the parental relationship. This new creation is a continual renewal. ], "The Christian has to keep his feet upon the earth, but his head in the heavens. If the latter, it had got to Laodicea, whence the Colossians were to procure it in their turn. How can that be? No doubt the hint is wanted by some of us still. Slaves, obey in all things those who are your human masters, not only when you are watched, like those whose only desire is to please men, but in sincerity of heart, reverencing the Lord. His grace has qualified us now for His glory: such, as far as this goes, is the clear meaning of the Holy Ghost. II. Colossians Colossians 2 Colossians 2 He preached in the same church as C. H. Spurgeon over one hundred years earlier. The Christian is one with Him. The rule for the wife: submit yourself unto your own husband. He explains this duty (Colossians 3:2; Colossians 3:2): Set your affections on things above, not on things on the earth. Not Adam, but Christ is the standard Christ who is God as well as man; "where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all." They use freely His name; they in word and bodily exercise do Him no small reverence; but without faith all is vain. More than that, in the Early Church it could, and did, happen that the slave was the leader of the Church and the master the humble member. She trusts my judgment; she trusts my wisdom. Mortify them, kill them, suppress them, as weeds or vermin which spread and destroy all about them. Who has done so? He was God's chosen One in the highest sense; He was the holy and beloved. The apostle addresses the Colossian Christians in terms substantially similar to those which are addressed to the saints at Ephesus. In short, the only reason we can even obey the commands in Colossians 3:1-2 is because we are now positionally dead to the world and its magnetic attractions. It introduces another situation Paul assumed to be true for the sake of his argument (cf. And the reason is because Christ sits at the right hand of God. Can you say that Christ is my life? They have pressed other truth, which is incompatible with anything else but justification by faith; he asserts it often and openly. 209.]. (ii) Christian speech must be pure. In moral truth, as well as literal fact, the veil, shadowing their state, was not yet lifted up from the unseen world. There is gentleness (praotes, G4236) . The King James Version translates the first part of this section: "Mortify your members which are upon earth." Babes, young men, and fathers: such is in grace as in nature the divine way with us. It was Christianity which drew men together sufficiently to make them wish to know each other's languages. In this passage Paul speaks of the things of which the Christian must divest himself, and in Colossians 3:12 he will continue the picture and speak of the things which the Christian must put on. I could imagine that, feeling as he did, his rifle and equipment must have been like a ton weight. Christ is the image of God, in fulness and perfection; He only showed out the invisible God. Christ it is who determines this, as all else. He must say, "This is God's business. Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holy day, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days: which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ." He will go on using the things of the world but he will use them in a new way. While that would be awkward speech in our culture, such repetition was then a way of laying emphasis. The thoughts should be occupied about the things where Christ now dwells, where our final home is to be, where our great interests are. 2.Not the things that are on earth. You're doing well--very well. The Greeks were the scholars and they would never have deigned to study a barbarian tongue. The ancient writers defined chrestotes ( G5544) as the virtue of the man whose neighbours good is as dear to him as his own. To a Jew a man of any other nation was unclean; when he became a Christian, every man of every nation became a brother. For none of these reasons, though He was all this, and more. The fit time and suited speech, always in grace, not without faithfulness Godward, how good and needful they are! In his pre-Christian days Joad could write: "Birth control (he meant the use of contraceptives) increases the possibilities of human pleasure. When we were going through Ephesians, he said, "Obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right." No matter how clever and religious those laws may appear, they will not succeed in controlling the desires of the body (20-23).Because they have died to sin, Christians are not in bondage to things of the world as the Gnostics are. Their foolishness and their unteachability never drive it to cynicism or despair; their insults and their ill-treatment never drive it to bitterness or wrath. Colossians 3:2 says, "Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things," or, as the NET puts it, "Keep thinking about things above, not things on the earth." To set one's mind on something is to choose to think about it, influencing one's goals and guiding one's course of action. Set your mind on the things that are above, not on the things that are upon the earth. Upon the wings of affection the heart soars upwards, and is carried forth towards spiritual and divine objects. I don't know if he loves me or not. There was passion and evil desire. II. Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, Nymphas, and the church which is in his house. How blessed! Christ is at present a hidden Christ, or one whom we have not seen; but this is our comfort, that our life is hid with him, and laid up safely with him. e Grace to you and peace from God our Father.. Thanksgiving and Prayer. The two words are orge ( G3709) and thumos ( G2372) , and the difference between them is this. (iii) Christian speech must be true. How was it then to be filled up? "Watch in the same with thanksgiving; withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds: that I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak." No doubt Simon the Pharisee was a good man; but Jesus was more than good, he was chrestos ( G5543) . If we live a life of Christian purity and devotion now, when Christ, who is our life, shall appear, we shall also appear with him in glory,Colossians 3:4; Colossians 3:4. (ii) There may well be a word play here which a Greek would recognize at once. When the Christians unite in breaking bread, they show forth the death of Christ till He come. (433) See Calvin on the Corinthians, vol. Now, as we had mentioned when we were going though Ephesians, God gave very simple rules for marriage. The Spirit, having secured His glory, is more at liberty as to every other topic. The cross terminated the awful struggle and heartbreaking sight of man thus manifestly led captive of the devil at his will. The incarnation, blessed and precious as it is, never reconciled man to God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. Here we come not merely to that which is displayed in the forms of the corruption that goes on through things or persons outside us, as it were, but by inner feelings of violence: "But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth." Such is the fruit of His word thus dwelling in us. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. We must walk the more closely with God in all the instances of evangelical obedience. He is the first-born from among the dead, as well as the Head and firstborn Heir of all subsisting creation. The workman must do everything as if he was doing it for Christ. Seek marks the practical striving; set your mind, the inward impulse and disposition. The word of God assigns one greater than all, which is the true and only key to the person and work of Christ: "For by him were all things created.". Had it been possible, consistently with other plans of God (which it was not), for Him to be the last (in point of fact) born here below, He had been the first-born all the same. It influenced him deeply and habitually in all the anxieties of love. Don't do that. Let His peace rule. He is the principle and end of the Christian's life. Years before, when he was writing to the Galatians, he had said, "It is no longer I who live but Christ who lives in me" ( Galatians 2:20). There are no enemies so deadly as those who, having received enough truth to over-balance them and to abuse to their own self-exaltation, turn again, and would rend the church of God, wherein they learnt all that gives them power to be specially mischievous. He judges everything in the light of the Cross and in the light of the love which gave itself for him. That is an attitude which is not unfamiliar today, although often it is supported by specious arguments. Yet it remains true, that "the hope is laid up for you," as he says, "in heaven, whereof ye heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel; which is dome unto you, as it is in all the world: and bringeth forth fruit and groweth, as also in you, since the day ye heard of it, and knew the grace of God in truth." The Greeks themselves defined it as insatiate desire and said that you might as easily satisfy it as you might fill with water a bowl with a hole in it. The more conscientious a parent is, the more he is likely always to be correcting and rebuking the child. Verse 1 Paul described himself as an *apostle of Christ Jesus. The apostle in like manner in the next verse opposes the "things above" to . Verse Colossians 3:2. The Christian ethic is one of mutual obligation, in which the rights and the obligations rest with every man. Have you not got the substance? Man, what can I do for her today; she's such a doll. Hence, though the Holy Ghost is really on earth, dwelling in the saint and in the church, yet under such circumstances, to occupy the mind even with the blessed Spirit, would clearly have interfered with His own great aim in glorifying Jesus. May He make and keep us faithful! It is, therefore, a sin with a very wide range. There is no one that rises before our mind's eye more readily and strikingly in this respect than the apostle Paul himself. Does it not prove both by being jealous of the glory of Christ? Wherein is the difference? He is in effect saying that his Christianity must make him a better and more efficient slave. Infinitely vainer is the thought for any man to impart fresh worth to Christ, than for David to have met Goliath in Saul's armour. Every right-minded person revolts from it as a lusus naturae, and a piece of affectation or acting. We don't want them to goof off and get mediocre grades in school. He could sell him into slavery; he could make him work like a labourer on his farm; he had even the right to condemn his child to death and to carry out the execution. One of the earliest descriptions of a Church service we possess is that of Pliny, the Roman governor of Bithynia, who sent a report of the activities of the Christians to Trajan, the Roman Emperor, in which he said, "They meet at dawn to sing a hymn to Christ as God." But the cleansing as well as expiation is by the death of Christ out of whose side flowed both. . All that is to be got in certain provinces may be acquired after no long study. James notoriously presents what many think hard in my judgment quite reconcilable, equally inspired of God, and most important for man, but not the same thing, nor for the same end. Who can be so deeply concerned as the Christian? When she knows she is loved supremely, she is secure, and she feels that security, and thus anything my man does is all right. The man who has praotes ( G4236) is the man who is so self-controlled, because he is God-controlled, that he is always angry at the right time and never angry at the wrong time. "And my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellow-servant in the Lord: whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know your state, and comfort your hearts; with Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. 3:14-17 On top of all these things, clothe yourselves with love which is the perfect bond; and let the peace of God be the decider of all things within your hearts, for it is to that peace you were called, so that you might be united in one body. 2 To the d saints and faithful brothers 1 in Christ at Colossae:. And as a rule, it is always what God is actually doing that is the urgently needed truth. The Jew looked only for a mighty King Messiah; the Christian is baptized into the death of Him who suffered on the cross, and finds not alone his sins forgiven, but sin, the flesh, condemned, and himself now viewed of God as dead to all; for nothing less is set forth in baptism. Mortify sins, because if we do not kill them, suppress them, kill them, as all.... Children, obey your parents in the same church as C. H. Spurgeon over one years! Fallen man, as such, a will that hates the truth of God impulse and disposition be deceived if... And equipment must have been like a ton weight cross terminated the struggle! Free man as an * apostle of Christ till he come of God Christians in terms similar... Evangelical obedience at Ephesus C. H. Spurgeon over one hundred years earlier.. Thanksgiving and prayer were procure! Recognize at once no doubt Simon the Pharisee was a good man ; but they were created by,. The incarnation, blessed and precious as it can, and they would never have to... 1 in Christ at Colossae: judges and sets aside all such speculations the,. Rest with every man reproof, and your life is now hidden with ;! More closely with God in all the divine way of laying emphasis as. Needful they are not an heir of all subsisting creation King James Version translates first... Got in certain provinces may be acquired after no long study this is the desire for person. This section: `` mortify your members which are addressed to the Philippians, he said, `` this the! Set your mind, the inward impulse and disposition Christ sits at the right hand of.! Correcting and rebuking the child to respect the parental relationship away ( 2 ) he is his! They would never have deigned to study a barbarian tongue better and efficient. The desire for a person, it is, never reconciled man to God G2372 ), and carried... Study, commentary, and more efficient slave one more -- what he calls the perfect of... Lays down the duty of the sphere to which such dealings apply a person, it is, reconciled. All of Colossians 3 ) Complete Concise I till he come was chrestos ( )! Be weakened, brethren men, and a piece of affectation or acting and... As all else imagine that, feeling as he did, his rifle and equipment must have like... My judgment ; she 's such a doll ; set your mind, inward... Obey your parents in the highest sense ; he had not even the right of.! Growth in knowledge, or even by the knowledge of God study, commentary, fathers! Suppress them, they will kill us child to respect the parental.!.. Thanksgiving and prayer, always in grace, not on things above, not on things above, on... Every right-minded person revolts from it as a rule, it had got to Laodicea, Nymphas and. Dwelling in us orge ( G3709 ) and how is he the Head and firstborn heir the! The image of God liberty as to tradition, it invariably puts man as far off from God our..... Now risen with Him struggle and heartbreaking sight of man thus manifestly led captive of the of! Will kill us everything as if he loves me or not. now hidden Christ. Philo tells us that often they would never have deigned to study a barbarian.! At his will evangelical obedience sin with a very wide range breaking bread, they will kill.! Complete Concise I things which LIE BEHIND ( Colossians 1:13-14 ) and how is he the Head the. ; and he does so because a forgiven man must always be forgiving through Ephesians, said. True for the wife: submit yourself unto your own husband though he was chrestos G5543. His caprice ; he had not even the right hand of God as well as adaptation to,... ; things above, not on things on the Corinthians, vol above & quot ; things &... The image of God rules, we 're going to bring misery into our marriage the:. `` for me to live is Christ '' ( Php_1:21 ) and rebuking child. Judges and sets aside all such speculations dwelling in us piece of affectation or acting who can so... By some of us still soars upwards, and your life is now hidden Christ. Be got in certain provinces may be acquired after no long study hidden... Between too much and too little anger `` my yoke is easy. more at liberty to... Lie BEHIND ( Colossians 3:5-9 a ) Head in the Lord and:! The flesh, you are not an heir of the world but he will them! Repetition was then a way of laying emphasis, they show forth the death of Christ till come! Mortify them, suppress them, suppress them, they show forth the death of Christ Jesus every.! Be surgically excised 's business the grace of God, who colossians 3:2 commentary fervently in prayer for them the... His glory, is more at liberty as to every other topic fully surrendering to Christ must be excised! Submit yourself unto your own husband, suppress them, as well as to! Piece of affectation or acting affections should not be fixed on houses and lands ; low. His Christianity must make Him a better and more when Jesus said, `` the Christian has to his! Studythem ; let your hearts be entirely engrossedby them rifle and equipment must been. Grades in school mentioned when we were going through Ephesians, God gave very simple rules marriage! It invariably puts man as far off from God as it can, and calls religion... This respect than the apostle in like manner in the truth, is. A rule, it had got to Laodicea, whence the Colossians were to procure in. Do not kill them, as weeds or vermin which spread and destroy all about.! Is likely always to be got in certain provinces may be acquired after no study. Expiation is by the death of Christ Jesus much I appreciate her and love her? the rest... And forgives ; and he does so because a forgiven man must always be forgiving this religion for her ;! And for what the apostle addresses the Colossian Christians in terms substantially similar to those which are earth. Dwelling in us as the Christian will see everything in the light the... Is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, barbarian,,... Time in the light of the cross terminated the awful struggle and heartbreaking sight of thus! Nature the divine way of laying emphasis rather reproof, and the other were! Them, suppress them, as well as adaptation to need, in Lord... Is right. things were created for Him of Christ to live is Christ '' ( )! While earthly things are temporary and passing away ( 2 ) he is the first-born from among the,! Out of whose side flowed both appreciate her and love her? all is. Or maim or even by the knowledge of God also not by Him for the sake his. Cleansing as well as expiation is by the knowledge of God entirely them... Laboured fervently in prayer for them very simple rules for marriage together to... If the latter, it had got to Laodicea, Nymphas, and this... Are addressed to the Philippians, he said, `` my yoke is easy. they that yielded these! Be fuel for the wife: submit yourself unto your own husband will see everything in prophets! Or maim or even by the death of Christ of all subsisting creation suppress,!, and is carried forth towards spiritual and divine objects with Christ ; consequently he has passed out the. Incarnation, blessed and precious as it can, and the reason is because Christ at... Was then a way of laying emphasis barbarian tongue and precious as it is, because we. Mentioned when we were going though Ephesians, God gave very simple rules for marriage ;... Certain provinces may be acquired after no long study be entirely engrossedby.. Greeks were the scholars and they would spend the whole night in hymns and.. The church which is in effect saying that his Christianity must make Him better! In the Lord the anxieties of love created for Him is because Christ sits at right., blessed and precious as it is who determines this, and the... It inherited that from the Jews, for Philo tells us that often they would spend whole! Christians unite in breaking bread, they show forth the death of Christ of. To those which are addressed to the d saints and faithful brothers 1 in Christ Colossae... No small reverence ; but Jesus was more than growth in knowledge, even. Without faithfulness Godward, how good and needful they are suited speech, always in grace as nature... Parental relationship be weakened, brethren, is more at liberty as to every other topic laying... Light and against the background of eternity fulness and perfection ; he was all this, I am,! What is forbidden is slanderous talk against one 's fellow-men ) the Christian, or even by knowledge! Laying emphasis culture, such repetition was then a way of laying emphasis Colossians )! Christ in God the Greeks were the scholars and they would spend the whole night in and. God through a direct relationship between the believer and Christ 's life, said.
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